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Dismantling Gender Wage Gap in Zimbabwe 

The
gender
wage
gap
in
Zimbabwe
has
had
a
detrimental
impact
on
women,
limiting
their
economic
independence,
reinforcing
social
inequalities
and
hindering
national
progress.
Although
women make
up
59.7%
of
the
labor
force
population
,
they
continue
to
earn
significantly
less
than
their
counterparts.
This
persistent
imbalance
perpetuates
an
unstable
patriarchal
society
and
denies
women
full
participation
in
economic
growth.

Understanding
the
Gender
Wage
Gap

The
gender
wage
gap
refers
to
“the difference
between
median
earnings
of
men
and
women
 relative
to
median
earnings
of
men.” In
Zimbabwe
,
factors
such
as
unequal
access
to
education
influence
this
difference,
with more
than
8,000
girls
 dropping
out
more
than
boys.
and
limited
job
opportunities.
For
example,
many
women
work
in
low-income
domestic
jobs
and earn
“less
than
$5.50
a
day.”
 Even
within
the
same
industries
as
men,
women
tend
to
less
pay
for
performing
similar
work.
These
statistics
are
only
a
partial
reflection
of
what
women
go
through
on
a
day-to-day
basis,
making
it
imperative
to
address
the
root
causes
of
this
inequality.

Root
Causes
of
the
Gender
Gap
in
Zimbabwe


  1. Cultural
    and
    Social
    Norms: 
    Patriarchal
    attitudes
    significantly
    dominate
    many
    communities
    in
    Zimbabwe.
    Traditional
    gender
    roles
    often
    prioritize
    men
    as
    breadwinners,
    while
    women
    are
    expected
    to
    take
    on
    unpaid
    caregiving
    roles.
    For
    example,
    women
    carry an
    estimated
    79%
    of
    the
    burden
     of
    water
    fetching
    responsibilities.
    These
    norms
    reduce
    women’s
    career
    prospects
    and
    hinder
    their
    advancement
    in
    the
    workplace.

  2. Education
    and
    Skills
    Gaps: 
    While
    gender
    parity
    in
    basic
    education
    has
    improved,
    disparities
    persist
    at
    secondary
    and
    higher
    levels
    of
    education.
    More
    girls
    than
    boys
    drop
    out
    before
    completing
    secondary
    education,
    largely
    due
    to
    financial
    pressure
    and
    gendered
    expectations.
    Moreover,
    women
    are
    underrepresented.
    Furthermore,
    they
    face
    difficulties
    in
    accessing
    high-paying, male-dominated
    (71.21%)
    careers
     such
    as
    STEM
    (Science,
    Technology,
    Engineering,
    and
    Mathematics)
    fields.
    This
    is
    due
    to
    limited
    access
    to
    resources
    and
    the
    prevailing
    belief
    that
    women
    do
    not
    belong
    in
    the
    field.

  3. Discriminatory
    Work
    Practices: 
    Lack
    of
    enforcement
    of
    equal
    pay
    laws
    and
    limited
    transparency
    around
    wages
    in
    Zimbabwe
    contribute
    to
    the
    gender
    wage
    gap
    and
    discrimination.
    Women
    are
    less
    likely
    to
    be
    promoted
    to
    leadership
    roles,
    even
    when
    they
    have
    the
    necessary
    qualifications
    and
    experience.
    Although
    Section
    65
    of
    the
    2013
    Constitution
    guarantees equal
    pay
    for
    equal
    work
    ,
    enforcement
    remains
    weak.
    Without
    accountability,
    the
    gender
    wage
    gap
    in
    Zimbabwe
    continues
    to
    widen.

  4. Informal
    Employment: 
    About
    65%
    of
    Zimbabwean
    women
    work
    in
    the
    informal
    sector,
    where
    wages
    are
    often
    low,
    unpredictable
    and
    unregulated.
    These
    jobs
    usually
    do
    not
    provide
    social
    protections
    such
    as
    maternity
    leave,
    pensions
    and
    health
    care
    benefits.
    For
    example, only
    12.7%
    of
    women
     receive
    their
    maternity
    benefits.
    Informal
    employment
    significantly
    contributes
    to
    the
    gender
    wage
    gap
    in
    Zimbabwe.
    It
    traps
    women
    in
    low-paying,
    insecure
    jobs
    with
    no
    progression.

Steps
Towards
Closing
the
Gender
Gap
in
Zimbabwe


  1. Policy
    Reforms
    and
    Enforcement: 
    Zimbabwe
    introduced
    the
    National
    Gender
    Payin
    2013
    and
    revised
    it
    in
    2017.
    Section
    65
    of
    the
    Constitution
    states
    “equality
    in
    employment
    and
    equality
    of
    remuneration
    for
    similar
    work
    among
    men
    and
    women.”
    This
    policy
    aims
    to
    eliminate
    the
    gender
    disparities
    in
    economic
    opportunities,
    including
    pay,
    promotion
    and
    leadership
    opportunities.
    However,
    implementation
    remains
    inconsistent,
    and
    more
    work
    is
    necessary
    to
    ensure
    it
    applies
    to
    all.
    In
    the
    education
    sector,
    the
    revitalization
    of
    Zimbabwe’s
    education
    sector
    has
    led
    to
    the
    launch
    of
    programs
    to
    support
    female
    leadership
    and
    mentoring
    in STEM
    departments
    ,
    helping
    more
    women
    pursue
    and
    succeed
    in
    technical
    careers.

  2. Empowering
    Women
    in
    Leadership: 
    The
    Zimbabwe
    Gender
    Commission
    (ZGC),
    established
    in
    2014,
    actively encourages
    women’s
    participation
    in
    politics
    ,
    business
    and
    decision-making
    roles.
    The
    commission
    works
    to
    challenge
    stereotypes,
    promote
    women’s
    rights,
    empower
    women
    economically,
    raise
    public
    awareness
    and
    investigate
    gender-based
    discrimination.
    In
    its
    2023
    annual
    report,
    the
    ZGC
    highlighted
    a
    key
    achievement:
    it
    conducted
    targeted
    training
    workshops
    to
    equip
    women
    candidates
    with
    the
    skills
    and
    knowledge
    needed
    for
    effective
    political
    participation.
    As
    a
    result, 37
    women
    were
    successfully
    elected
     to
    various
    political
    offices.

  3. Promoting
    Education
    for
    Girls: 
    The
    Girls’
    Education
    Accelerator,
    launched
    in
    collaboration
    with
    UNICEF
    and
    the
    Global
    Partnership
    for
    Education,
    helps
    girls
    in
    Zimbabwe
    overcome
    barriers
    like
    early
    marriage
    and
    financial
    hardship.
    It provides
    school
    supplies
    ,
    menstrual
    hygiene
    products
    and
    scholarships.
    Since
    its
    implementation,
    thousands
    of
    girls
    have
    returned
    to
    school
    and
    progressed
    to
    higher
    levels
    of
    education.
    These
    investments
    equip
    girls
    for
    careers
    that
    challenge
    the
    traditional
    income
    divide.

  4. Support
    for
    Informal
    Workers: 
    The
    launch
    of
    initiatives
    to
    provide
    protections,
    such
    as the
    Women’s
    Microfinance
    Bank
    in
    2018
    ,
    enables
    women
    to
    expand
    their
    businesses,
    move
    into
    formal
    employment
    and
    secure
    financial
    independence.
    The
    Bank
    provides low-interest
    loans
     to
    women
    in
    financial
    difficulties
    to
    empower
    them
    economically
    and
    socially.
    By
    2021,
    more
    than
    40,000
    women
    had
    accessed
    financial
    services
    through
    the
    bank.

  5. Public
    Awareness
    Campaigns: 
    Organizations
    like
    UN
    Women
    Zimbabwe
    and
    local
    NGOS
    run
    awareness
    campaigns
    to
    shift
    public
    attitudes
    on
    gender
    roles,
    such
    as
    releasing a
    booklet
    of
    Impact
    Stories
     to
    encourage
    support
    and
    collaboration.
    Campaigns
    focus
    on
    challenging
    stereotypes,
    promoting
    shared
    household
    responsibilities,
    creating
    inclusive
    economic
    growth
    and
    encouraging
    men
    to
    become
    allies
    in
    gender
    equality.
    These
    efforts
    aim
    to
    reshape
    cultural
    norms
    that
    sustain
    the
    gender
    wage
    gap
    in
    Zimbabwe.

Looking
Ahead

The
gender
wage
gap
in
Zimbabwe
requires
further
addressing
to
eliminate
it
from
all
aspects
of
society.
Ongoing
initiatives
and
programs
have
provided
hope
and
empowerment
for
women
that
the
systemic
barriers
can
be
broken
down.
Empowering
women
benefits
not
only
them
but
the
nation
as
well,
providing
greater
stability,
prosperity
and
justice
for
all
Zimbabweans.



Blessing
Nkama

Blessing
is
based
in
London,
UK
and
focuses
on
Politics
for
The
Borgen
Project.

Source:


Dismantling
Gender
Wage
Gap
in
Zimbabwe


The
Borgen
Project

Post
published
in:

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