Category: News Feeds

Zimbabweans are angry as year-on-year inflation of around 100% has eaten the value of their wages and savings, recalling the horrors of the hyperinflation era in 2008.

The southern African nation is grappling with a severe shortage of U.S. dollars, fuel, bread, medicines and 17-hour daily power cuts, which have forced businesses to use expensive diesel generators.

Currency reforms introduced last month to ban the use of foreign currencies and make the interim RTGS currency the sole legal tender have done little to instil confidence that people’s living standards will improve soon under President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who came to power after Robert Mugabe was removed in a 2017 coup.

“I have a (wage increase) figure already, and I am just waiting to hear from the unions. We will be meeting them tomorrow to hear their figures,” Ncube told a meeting with local businesses in Harare.

Ncube said the government’s budget was in surplus for the first 6 months of the year.

The lowest paid public sector worker earns 430 Zimbabwe dollars ($49.54), which unions say has been hit by inflation of 97.85% in May. A union official said a meeting would be held later on Monday to agree a position that they will present to the government on Tuesday.

As inflation soared, the government hiked the overnight interest rate to 50% last month and Ncube on Monday said the central bank wouldn’t hesitate to raise rates again to deal with people speculating on the value of the local currency.

The Zimbabwe dollar was trading at 8.86 to the greenback on the official interbank market, bringing its total losses to 27% since June 24 when the government ended dollarisation. On the black market the unit was trading at 10.5 to the dollar.

Central bank Governor John Mangudya told the same event that Zimbabwean individuals and companies held around $1 billion in foreign-currency accounts, around three months’ import cover.

The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions threatened “mass action” last month after the government made the RTGS the sole legal tender and renamed it the Zimbabwe dollar.

At least three people have gone to court to challenge the government’s move but Ncube said he was “very prepared for the fight” in court.

Patrick Chivaura, acting CEO of state power utility ZESA Holdings, told the same meeting that the end of dollarisation was hurting its ability to deliver power because mines could no longer pay it in U.S. dollars.

ZESA needs $14 million for monthly electricity imports from the regional power market, Chivaura added. (Reporting by MacDonald Dzirutwe; Editing by Catherine Evans and Louise Heavens)

Post published in: Business

Beneath the surface of its latest economic crisis, Zimbabwe has been quietly positioning itself as a future major exporter of chromium to the insatiable Chinese market.

Post published in: Business

Why Law Firms Are Moving to the Cloud

Why Law Firms Are Moving to the Cloud

Clio

The good news is that the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is finally modernizing and offering the first-ever digital exam beginning with the July 15th administration (exam takers will be assigned to take the test either on paper or on a tablet upon their arrival, and by the September administration of the LSAT, all test takers will use a tablet). Sure, the still-dominant law school entrance exam may have only been spurred into moving away from the tried and true pencil and paper because of pressure from an admissions exam challenger — the GRE — but let’s enjoy the move to the 21st century regardless.

The bad news — or at least the concerning news — may be that as the first all-digital administration of the all-important exam, law school hopefuls may not know exactly what to expect. Well, Kaplan Test Prep has you covered. The entrance exam goliath has put together a 25-page free downloadable eBook on what you need to know come test day. Here is just a sample of the advice for LSAT takers:

To Scratch or Not to Scratch: For the paper-and-pencil LSAT, test takers are not given any scratch paper — all scratch work is done in the test booklet — and are barred from bringing any to the test site. Now, each test taker will be provided with a booklet of blank paper (you still may not bring any from outside the test site) along with the digital tablet. It will be important for digital LSAT takers to practice taking notes and drawing Logic Games sketches on paper separate from the test questions. As you’re practicing, think about details such as where you want to keep the tablet and scratch paper on the desk as you work.
No More Bubbling: On the paper-and-pencil LSAT, test takers could circle or cross-out answers in the test booklet, but you did not get credit for an answer unless you accurately bubbled it on the answer grid. In the digital interface, your only concern is clicking on the correct answer. If the correct answer for Question 2 is (E), all you have to do is click (E) to the left of the answer choice. The tablet will record your answer choice for each question, making mis-bubbling a thing of the past.
Flagging It: The digital LSAT has a FLAG tool that allows test takers to note questions to which you want to return, time permitting. Get used to flagging questions you skip and those for which you choose an answer but want to reconsider or review. In combination with the new functionality allowing you to grey out and eliminate answers, including collapsing answers you know you can safely eliminate, narrowing down your answer choices with visual cues becomes easier. Plus, while on the paper test you couldn’t “un-highlight” a sentence or “uncross” an answer choice, the tablet interface and stylus make this process simple and reversible.
Timing is Everything: On the digital LSAT, the proctor will tell you to get ready for a section to begin, and then they will press a button that starts the section for all of the tablets in the room. When five minutes remain in the section, test takers will see a pop-up alerting you to time remaining. You will not be able to proceed in the section until you actively close the 5-minute-warning pop-up. From that point until the end of the section, you will not be able to hide the countdown timer. When you have less than five minutes remaining in a section, take a moment to click an answer (even if it’s a guess) to each unanswered question you have remaining. Check your flagged questions to decide which you want to go back to review in the time remaining.

But the important thing to remember, according to Anthony Coloca, director of pre-law programs at Kaplan Test Prep, is that regardless of the format July test-takers might be faced with, the content remains the same:

“The LSAT’s sections and questions will stay the same, save for the LSAT Writing Sample which you’ll now take on your own from home. Since July test takers will not know which format they will take the exam in until they show up on Test Day, it’s important for everyone to be equipped with digital test-taking strategies.”

Good luck to all the hopeful esquires out there prepping for the LSAT!

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Kathryn Rubino is a Senior Editor at Above the Law, and host of The Jabot podcast. AtL tipsters are the best, so please connect with her. Feel free to email her with any tips, questions, or comments and follow her on Twitter (@Kathryn1).

Last week, right before the Fourth of July in fact, the Ninth Circuit struck a blow against freedom. It upheld two Everett, Washington, city ordinances that effectively required baristas who serve coffee in bikinis to put on more clothes. When reached for comment, Randy Marsh had this to say:

I actually agree with the Ninth Circuit’s outcome here. Not on the law — I think the First Amendment should protect pretty much everybody’s right to wear, or not wear, whatever they want. If I’ve gotta deal with people wearing MAGA hats and driving around with Confederate flags on their vehicles, then I can certainly deal with somebody serving coffee in a g-string and pasties. But I agree with the Ninth Circuit’s outcome just as a “screw you” to the arguments made on behalf of “Hillbilly Hotties,” a bikini barista chain in the upper Northwest. From the ABA Journal:

The plaintiffs had claimed that their minimal clothing had conveyed messages such as female empowerment, confidence and fearless acceptance of their bodies.

Come on now. Serving coffee while nearly nude is not about fearlessness, it’s about jiggling for tips. It’s an insulting argument that minimizes the things that actually need to be done to further advance female empowerment, and I’m glad it got spiked by the Ninth Circuit.

On the Constitutional Law side, though… I want to say that the Ninth is wrong here. From the L.A. Times:

After receiving nearly 40 complaints, Everett, located north of Seattle, passed the ordinances, which apply to coffee stands, fast-food restaurants, delis, food trucks, coffee shops and drive-through businesses.

The baristas who challenged the laws argued they were so vague that they would be difficult to enforce.

Disagreeing, the 9th Circuit wrote: “All an officer must determine is whether the upper body (specifically, the breast/pectorals, stomach, back below the shoulder blades) and lower body (the buttocks, top three inches of legs below the buttocks, pubic area and genitals) are covered.”

“A person of ordinary intelligence reading the ordinance in its entirety will be adequately informed about what body areas cannot be exposed or displayed,” Judge Morgan Christen, an Obama appointee, wrote for the panel.

The court also found that wearing G-strings and pasties did not amount to conduct protected by the 1st Amendment in the context of retail establishments whose employees are in close contact with the public.

I can think of a hundred retail situations in which various states of undress would be fine… they’re called “summer.” I can also think of a number of retail stores which might indeed value informal attire while in close contact with the public. Shirtless models at Abercrombie & Fitch would, arguably, be granted First Amendment protection. I bet shirtless cabana boys wouldn’t be a problem. In fact, I imagine that if “Hillbilly Hotties” had just run out shirtless men to serve the coffee, there wouldn’t have been 40 prude-as-hell local complaints to inspire brand new city ordinances in the first place.

But, this is one of the many reasons I’m not a federal judge. My opinion in this case would have been: “This is dumb, but fine. Next.”

Bikini-clad baristas must cover up, federal appeals court says [Los Angeles Times]

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Elie Mystal is the Executive Editor of Above the Law and a contributor at The Nation. He can be reached @ElieNYC on Twitter, or at elie@abovethelaw.com. He will resist.

Singer-songwriter Fiona Apple will be donating the royalties from which song to pay for the legal fees of detained, asylum-seeking immigrants?

Hint: The song won the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance at the 40th Grammy Awards and was also nominated for Best Rock Song.

See the answer on the next page.

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Staci Zaretsky is a senior editor at Above the Law, where she’s worked since 2011. She’d love to hear from you, so please feel free to email her with any tips, questions, comments, or critiques. You can follow her on Twitter or connect with her on LinkedIn.

It really is possible to have too much of a good thing, at least as far as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) notifications are concerned.  According to a report issued by Pinsent Masons using data from the United Kingdom’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and other EU data protection authorities, data breach notifications substantially increased since the effective date of the GDPR in May 2018.  How much?  According to the report, from approximately 3,300 notifications in the year preceding the implementation of the GDPR to over 11,000 reports through February 2019 (14,000 reports through May 2019 if one extrapolates the numbers) — an almost four-fold increase in notifications.  Suffice it to say that many companies have opted to “play it safe” and report whenever a data incident occurs, but the “safe play” may not really be the right call in many cases.

One can understand why companies are supposedly erring on the side of caution here.  As I have written previously about the GDPR, the GDPR takes the place of the old EU Data Privacy Directive (“EUDPD”) from 1995 — although the EUDPD was created to address the disparate handling of personal data between EU member states and foster the free flow of information within the EU, the growth of the internet made the EUDPD outdated.  The GDPR represents a comprehensive update to data privacy in the EU, but it is complicated.  From acquiring (and documenting) consent to the collection of “personal data” from data subjects in the EU and the “right to be forgotten” to the handling of personal data breaches, there is a lot to digest in implementing the GDPR and maintaining compliance.  Non-compliance can reach up to 4 percent of global annual turnover or $20M euros (whichever is greater).  Needless to say, this regulation definitely gets a company’s attention when it comes to the handling of “personal data” from EU data subjects.

The increase in notifications was expected, but the nature of the notifications is surprising.  Using the United Kingdom as an example, almost 2/3 of data security incidents (61 percent) were reported to the ICO according to the Pinsent Masons report. Under Article 33 of the GDPR, notification of a personal data breach by the controller to the relevant supervisory authority must take place within 72 hours of becoming “aware” of such breach. Moreover, 53 percent of the notifications to the UK ICO took place within three days of incident detection, another 11 percent taking four days, leaving over a third of the remaining notifications (36 percent) taking place in five or more days.  Other countries have shown similar increases according to the report (such as the Netherlands, Ireland, and Denmark). The point?  The GDPR notification requirements have pushed notification to much earlier in the data incident response process, which likely pressures companies to err on the side of caution.

What is interesting is that although the GDPR’s personal data breach notification requirement is definitely giving supervisory authorities more notifications than anticipated, existing guidance does not seem to dictate such a result. The Article 29 Data Protection Working Party (29WP) issued updates to its “Guidelines on Personal data breach notification under Regulation 2016/679” (Guidelines) that specifically address “awareness” of a “personal data breach” and handling of notification in a timely manner.  Although there is no bright-line test for “awareness” of a personal data breach, these Guidelines from the 29WP remain incredibly helpful, even giving examples of scenarios that would not trigger notification.  As a result, it seems that the WP29 Guidelines (among other resources) show an attempt to provide some level of reasonableness to the GDPR notification requirements.

With this in mind, here are three considerations that your company (or client) should take into account when faced with the prospect of a potential personal data breach as a controller under the GDPR:

1. Not every data incident rises to the level of a data breach.  This point cannot be stressed enough as it is specifically referenced in the WP29 Guidance document — when faced with a data incident, it is essential to take steps (whether through technical safeguards or other measures) to limit further data compromise. Personal data can be compromised where the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the data is affected (even temporarily).   These actions are not only important to protect personal data, but may prevent further compromise.   The point:  Such actions may be the difference between a simple data incident and a full-blown personal data breach. This means that your company’s (or client’s) incident response plans need to be updated if they don’t take these considerations into account.

2. Not every data breach requires a notification to the supervisory authority.   This point may be a little hard to fathom, but a review of the GDPR Article 33 notification requirements and the WP29 Guidelines support this proposition.  Specifically, no notification is required where the personal data breach is “unlikely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons.” An example of this exception would be where the personal data is made up of publicly available information, or where the personal data has been rendered unintelligible to unauthorized parties and the data are either a copy or a backup otherwise exists.  That said, it is essential that your company (or client) take immediate steps to determine whatdata has been compromised, placing an “emphasis…on prompt action to investigate an incident to determine whether personal data have indeed been breached, and if so, to take remedial action and notify if required.“

3. Not every data breach requires notification to the individual data subjects.  Article 34 of the GDPR specifically states that “[w]hen the personal data breach is likely to result in a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons, the controller shall communicate the personal data breach to the data subject without undue delay.”  The GDPR language is clear, but when it comes to putting it to practice, not so much.  The GDPR broadly cites the rights and freedoms of natural persons, so care must be taken when making this determination. Although the threshold for notification to individuals is higher than that to supervisory authorities, where required it must also be made “without undue delay.”  When in the midst of determining whether a personal data breach has occurred, time is definitely not on your side, so be careful!

Based upon personal practice experience and that of colleagues, these considerations are not presented in a vacuum and should be heeded.  Take the time to review the incident response plans of your company (or client) so that they take GDPR notification requirements into context so a reasonable and timely GDPR notification determination can be made.  Suffice it to say that letting a supervisory authority know what you don’t know is one thing, but letting them know that you don’t know is another (and more troubling) thing altogether.

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Tom Kulik is an Intellectual Property & Information Technology Partner at the Dallas-based law firm of Scheef & Stone, LLP. In private practice for over 20 years, Tom is a sought-after technology lawyer who uses his industry experience as a former computer systems engineer to creatively counsel and help his clients navigate the complexities of law and technology in their business. News outlets reach out to Tom for his insight, and he has been quoted by national media organizations. Get in touch with Tom on Twitter (@LegalIntangibls) or Facebook (www.facebook.com/technologylawyer), or contact him directly at tom.kulik@solidcounsel.com.

I am heartened for the future because we, as a profession, finally appear ready to start having a real, constructive dialogue on the complicated, and often uncomfortable, issue that is mental health. The dialogue is going to have its ebbs and flows, but it is a dialogue nonetheless—one that we were not having, and in fact actively avoided, until quite recently.

— Mark Goldstein, who works as counsel at Reed Smith, in comments made about what has happened to him since he told the Biglaw world about his mental health struggles this past February in an op-ed published in the American Lawyer. Since that time, Goldstein has received thousands of letters of support from members of the legal profession. Goldstein closes his latest op-ed piece with the following: “I suffer from mental health disabilities. And if you do too, or if you simply are passionate about or can relate to this issue, remember that you are not alone and that together, we can create the future about which I am so heartened.”

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Staci Zaretsky is a senior editor at Above the Law, where she’s worked since 2011. She’d love to hear from you, so please feel free to email her with any tips, questions, comments, or critiques. You can follow her on Twitter or connect with her on LinkedIn.

Company: General Counsel [A Point of Sale Financing Company] (Los Angeles)

Position: Our client, a point of sale financing company based in Los Angeles, has engaged us to recruit a General Counsel to manage the legal affairs of the company.

About the Company: Our client has pioneered an automated financing portal specifically created to help businesses grow. With a unique approach that has created a true one-stop solution for customers’ financing needs, the company offers an affordable financing option that allows borrowers to quickly purchase the goods and services they want. For merchants, there’s no cost to get started and you can offer the option to apply for financing to every customer who walks in — the process takes just minutes, you never know who’s going to want the convenience payment plan. For borrowers, there’s also no cost to apply and no commitment required. You simply fill out the form. There’s no waiting period or runaround. The company has combined the best of people and technology to make some of the fastest approvals around. The main industries serviced are medical, pet, funeral, and other consumer services.

Requirements: The ideal candidate will have at least five years of major law firm experience, and ideally a few years of industry experience (although not necessary) with a specialty in regulatory compliance for consumer lending, including but not limited to AML, DSA, audits, and the like. General experience with corporate transactions is a plus.

Contact: Please email your résumé and cover letter to exclusivejobs@laterallink.com.

Ed. note: This is the latest installment in a series of posts from Mainspring Legal’s team of expert contributors. Sarkis Adajian manages marketing and business development for Lateral Link.

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Lateral Link is one of the top-rated international legal recruiting firms. With over 14 offices world-wide, Lateral Link specializes in placing attorneys at the most prestigious law firms and companies in the world. Managed by former practicing attorneys from top law schools, Lateral Link has a tradition of hiring lawyers to execute the lateral leaps of practicing attorneys. Click ::here:: to find out more about us.