Zimbabwean demining expert killed in Argentina blast, family appeals for support

HARARE

A
Zimbabwean
explosives
and
demining
specialist,
Henry
Martin
Douglas
Macharaga,
has
died
in
Argentina
after
an
explosive
device
detonated
in
his
hands.

He
was
52.

The
incident,
which
is
under
investigation,
occurred
on
August
19
along
National
Route
34,
one
of
Argentina’s
longest
highways
linking
several
towns
and
stretching
to
the
Bolivian
border.

Macharaga,
originally
from
Chirumanzu
in
the
Midlands
province,
had
been
working
in
Argentina
with
The
Development
Initiative
(TDI),
a
company
specialising
in
demining
operations.

On
his
LinkedIn
profile,
Macharaga
described
himself
as
an
experienced
explosives
and
demining
expert
with
decades
of
work
across
conflict
and
post-conflict
zones.
His
work
took
him
to
places
such
as
Azerbaijan,
South
Sudan,
Mali,
Somalia,
Afghanistan,
Ethiopia,
Eritrea,
Kuwait,
Lebanon,
Angola,
Mozambique,
and
Central
America
and
South
America.

Colleagues
said
he
brought
professionalism
and
courage
to
some
of
the
world’s
most
dangerous
environments.

Macharaga’s
relatives
say
they
are
devastated
by
the
loss
and
are
appealing
to
his
employer
to
urgently
assist
with
repatriation
of
his
body
and
financial
support
for
his
young
family.

He
is
survived
by
his
wife
and
two
children.

“Of
course,
no
money
can
replace
a
lost
life,
but
that
will
help
to
manage
the
situation,”
a
relative
said.

Bulawayo fires leave trail of destruction, mayor Coltart warns against burning refuse

BULAWAYO

Property
worth
more
than
US$500,000
was
destroyed
after
three
separate
fires
broke
out
across
Bulawayo
on
Monday,
prompting
urgent
warnings
from
mayor
David
Coltart
against
reckless
burning
of
garden
refuse
during
the
dry
season.

In
a
statement,
Coltart
said
city
fire
crews
had
endured
an
“exceptionally
busy
day”
battling
the
blazes,
which
stretched
resources
and
left
at
least
one
home
completely
gutted.

“I
was
deeply
gratified
to
see
the
amazing
courage,
expertise
and
commitment
of
our
teams
this
evening,”
the
mayor
said
after
visiting
one
of
the
affected
scenes
in
Burnside.

One
of
the
fires,
which
destroyed
a
private
dwelling,
was
traced
to
workers
who
had
been
burning
brush
at
a
neighbouring
property.

“It
is
an
offence
to
burn
garden
refuse.
Section
31
of
our
municipal
by-laws
makes
it
an
offence
to
burn
rubbish,”
Coltart
said.
“Aside
from
it
being
an
offence,
I
appeal
to
all
residents
not
to
burn
anything
at
this
hot,
dry,
windy
time
of
year.
It
can
cause
massive
loss
of
property
and
sometimes
lives.
Please
think
before
you
burn
anything.”

The
fires,
fanned
by
strong
winds
and
soaring
late-winter
temperatures,
spread
rapidly
before
being
brought
under
control
by
the
Bulawayo
Fire
Brigade.
No
fatalities
were
recorded,
though
residents
reported
significant
losses
of
household
goods,
furniture
and
personal
effects.

Bulawayo,
like
much
of
Zimbabwe,
is
currently
experiencing
hot,
dry
and
windy
conditions
that
increase
the
risk
of
runaway
fires.

Environmental
agencies
have
repeatedly
warned
that
careless
open
burning
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
of
veld
and
urban
fires,
which
frequently
result
in
costly
damage
to
infrastructure
and
livelihoods.

The
Bulawayo
City
Council
has
urged
residents
to
exercise
extreme
caution
and
to
make
use
of
proper
waste
disposal
services
instead
of
burning
refuse,
as
the
city
braces
for
more
fire
risks
during
the
peak
of
the
dry
season.

Mnangagwa rolls out Chinese armoured vehicles amid tensions with Chiwenga

HARARE

Nearly
two
dozen
newly-acquired
Chinese
armoured
vehicles
were
seen
moving
in
a
convoy
in
Harare
this
week
in
footage
shared
by
presidential
spokesman
George
Charamba.

The
video
shot
from
a
parked
car
roadside
offered
the
first
public
glimpse
of
hardware
thought
to
have
been
delivered
to
the
Zimbabwe
army
late
in
2023.

The
vehicles

a
mix
of
Norinco
PTL-02
wheeled
assault
guns
armed
with
105mm
cannons
and
WZ551
armoured
personnel
carriers
in
various
configurations

are
believed
to
have
been
part
of
a
December
2023
package
of
military
aid
worth
an
estimated
US$28
million
from
Beijing.
The
handover,
confirmed
at
the
time
by
President
Emmerson
Mnangagwa
and
the
Chinese
ambassador
at
Inkomo
Barracks,
was
meant
to
modernise
Zimbabwe’s
ageing
mechanised
fleet.

Charamba,
in
a
characteristically
combative
post
on
X
(formerly
Twitter),
wrote:
“Zimbabwe
continues
to
upgrade
its
defence
capabilities
to
deter
would-be
aggressors.
Weakness
tempts!”

While
Charamba’s
tweet
gave
an
impression
of
a
new
delivery,
military
analysts
said
it
was
more
likely
to
be
the
2023
consignment
being
moved
from
storage
or
training
areas
to
operational
bases.

The
vehicles
had
not
been
seen
in
operation
until
now.
Their
sudden
fielding
could
indicate
that
the
Zimbabwe
Defence
Forces
(ZDF)
has
completed
crew
training
and
integration,
or
that
the
government
has
chosen
this
moment
to
publicly
showcase
the
arsenal.

The
timing
has
raised
eyebrows.
Political
insiders
suggest
that
putting
the
new
armour
on
the
streets
could
be
intended
to
shore
up
Mnangagwa’s
authority
at
a
moment
of
escalating
tensions
with
Vice
President
Constantino
Chiwenga,
his
powerful
former
army
chief
and
long-rumoured
successor.

“The
optics
matter,”
one
Harare-based
security
analyst
said.
“If
the
ZDF
is
suddenly
parading
assault
guns
and
APCs
that
have
been
sitting
in
depots
since
2023,
it
can
easily
be
read
as
a
signal
from
Mnangagwa
to
deter
not
just
external
threats,
but
internal
rivals
too.”

The
PTL-02
assault
gun,
derived
from
China’s
WZ551
6×6
chassis,
provides
the
ZDF
with
mobile
firepower
akin
to
a
light
tank,
firing
shells
and
laser-guided
missiles
up
to
five
kilometres.
Its
companion
vehicles
include
troop
carriers,
command
variants,
recovery
trucks
and
battlefield
ambulances

all
designed
to
give
Zimbabwe’s
army
greater
mobility
and
sustainment.

Zimbabwe
previously
relied
on
older
Brazilian-made
Cascavel
armoured
cars,
many
now
obsolete.
The
new
Chinese
vehicles
represent
the
country’s
most
significant
armour
upgrade
in
decades.

Whether
the
sighting
reflects
a
simple
movement
of
vehicles
between
bases
or
a
deliberate
show
of
force,
the
message
from
State
House
was
unmistakable.
As
Charamba
put
it,
“Weakness
tempts.”

Jonathan Turley Challenges Justice Jackson To Calvinball In Most Embarrassing Display Yet – Above the Law

Justice
Jackson
recently
called
out
the
conservative
majority
of
the
Supreme
Court
specifically

and
GOP
jurisprudence
generally

as
Calvinball
jurisprudence
with
a
twist
.”
Citing
the
fictional
sport
from
the
watershed
comic
strip
Calvin
&
Hobbes,
Jackson
wrote
“Calvinball
has
only
one
rule:
There
are
no
fixed
rules.
We
seem
to
have
two:
that
one,
and
this
Administration
always
wins.”
As
a
dissent
in
yet
another
shadow
docket
decision
allowing
the
administration
to
take
arbitrary
and
capricious
action
free
from
the
constraints
of
either
statute
or
judicial
oversight,
the
Calvinball
analogy
hit
home.
Neil
Gorsuch
even
did
Jackson
a
solid!
Writing
separately
to
admonish
lower
courts
for

defying

the
Supreme
Court
when
they
don’t
convert
shadow
docket
temporary
relief
into
controlling
precedent

a
brand-new,
never-before-considered
rule
that
doesn’t
even
make
sense
in
the
context
of
the
emergency
docket

Gorsuch
took
the
Calvinball
charge
to
whole
new
levels.

With
conservatives
needing
some
quasi-scholarly
cover
after
Jackson’s
withering
critique,
GWU
Law
professor
and
MAGA
pullstring
toy
Jonathan
Turley
gave
himself
a
half-assed
crash
course
in
Calvin
&
Hobbes
lore
and

delivered
his
retort
with
a
bumbling
thud
.

Turley
could’ve
written
“no,
you
are!”
without
sacrificing
intellectual
heft.
It’s
an
embarrassing
gaslighting
effort,
which
is
saying
a
lot
when
we’re
talking
about
Turley.

Take Stanley
v.
City
of
Sanford
.
Justices
Jackson
and Neil
Gorsuch 
took
some
fierce
swings
at
each
other
in a
case
concerning
a
retired
firefighter
who
wants
to
sue
her
former
employer.
The
majority,
including
Kagan,
rejected
a
ridiculous
claim
from
a
Florida
firefighter
who
sued
for
discrimination
for
a
position
that
she
had
neither
held
nor
sought.
The
court
ruled
that
the
language
of
the
statute
clearly
required
plaintiffs
to
be
“qualified”
for
a
given
position
before
they
could
claim
to
have
been
denied
it
due
to
discrimination.
(Stanley
has Parkinson’s
disease
 and
had
taken
a
disability
retirement
at
age
47
due
to
the
progress
of
the
disease.)

Jackson,
however,
was
irate
that
Stanley
could
not
sue
for
the
denial
of
a
position
that
she
never
sought,
held,
or
was
qualified
to
perform.

This
description
is
shockingly
disingenuous.
When
Turley
says
“a
position
that
she
had
neither
held
nor
sought,”
he
means
“the
job
she
had
performed
until
forced
into
retirement
by
disability.”
Even
though
his
own
paragraph
clearly
indicates
that
the
plaintiff
was
a
firefighter
who
later
had
to
resign,
he
goes
to
great
lengths
to
sandwich
it
in
rhetoric
that
suggests
the
plaintiff
walked
in
off
the
street
claiming
that
she
should
get
firefighter
money
without
being
able
to
do
the
job.
Here
in
the
real
world,
the
plaintiff
served
as
a
firefighter
for
the
city
for
years,
having
taken
the
job
with
the
understanding
that
her
health
insurance
premiums
would
be
subsidized
until
she
turned
65
if
she
served
25
years
or

had
to
retire
due
to
disability
.
When
she
left
the
department,
the
city
said
it
had
decided
to
change
the
rules
and
wouldn’t
pay
the
subsidy
for
a
disabled
firefighter.
By
“neither
held
nor
sought,”
he
means
“retired,”
and
imposing
that
standard
renders
it
impossible
to
ever
challenge
retirement
benefits
discrimination,
because
linear
time
would
suggest
that
the
plaintiff

would
be
retired
.

The
majority’s
argument
is
that
when
the
Americans
with
Disabilities
Act
outlawed
employment
discrimination
against
individuals
with
a
disability,
Congress
intended
that
protection
to
stop
the
moment
the
person
retired,
even
if
retirement
benefits
were
part
of
the
employment.
Jackson
contended
that
the
law
is
not
such
an
ass.

Turley,
by
contrast,
is
exactly
such
an
ass.

Gorsuch
called
Jackson
out
for
once
again
ignoring
the
text
of
federal
laws
in
order
to
secure
the
result
she
preferred
in
a
given
case.
In
other
words,
Jackson
was
playing
Calvinball
with
the
law.

“In
other
words”
glosses
over
the
part
where

Jackson
dropped
a
goddamned
anvil
on
Gorsuch
,
writing
a
footnote
explaining
how,
in
this
case
in
particular,
his
attempt
to
read
the
text
in
a
vacuum
transformed
the
clear
intent
of
Congress
into
a
legislative
ransom
note

one
word
cut
out
of
here,
another
cut
out
of
there:

The
majority’s
contention
that
I
reject

‘pure
textualism’
[a]s
insufficiently
pliable
to
secure
the
result
[I]
seek,”
ante,
at
10,
stems
from
an
unfortunate
misunderstanding
of
the
judicial
role.
Our
interpretative
task
is
not
to
seek
our
own
desired
results
(whatever
they
may
be).
And,
indeed,
it
is
precisely
because
of
this
solemn
duty
that,
in
my
view,
it
is
imperative
that
we
interpret
statutes
consistent
with
all
relevant
indicia
of
what
Congress
wanted,
as
best
we
can
ascertain
its
intent.
A
methodology
that
includes
consideration
of
Congress’s
aims
does
exactly
that—
and
no
more.
By
contrast,
pure
textualism’s
refusal
to
try
to
understand
the
text
of
a
statute
in
the
larger
context
of
what
Congress
sought
to
achieve
turns
the
interpretive
task
into
a
potent
weapon
for
advancing
judicial
policy
preferences.
By
“finding”
answers
in
ambiguous
text,
and
not
bothering
to
consider
whether
those
answers
align
with
other
sources
of
statutory
meaning,
pure
textualists
can
easily
disguise
their
own
preferences
as
“textual”
inevitabilities.
So,
really,
far
from
being
“insufficiently
pliable,”
I
think
pure
textualism
is
incessantly
malleable—that’s
its
primary
problem—and,
indeed,
it
is
certainly
somehow
always
flexible
enough
to
secure
the
majority’s
desired
outcome.

Turley
doesn’t
address
this
footnote
because
that
would
overly
tax
the
hamster
frantically
spinning
its
wheel
in
his
head,
egged
on
by
the
ever-present
promise
of
a
MAGA
branded
carrot
just
a
tad
out
of
reach.

Jackson,
undeterred,
has
continued
these
diatribes,
with
escalating
and
insulting
rhetoric.

So
much
bullshit
packed
into
such
a
short
sentence.
I
presume
he
went
with
“undeterred”
because
an
editor
found
nevertheless
she
persisted

too
on
the
nose
as
a
dog
whistle.
Why
would
she
be
deterred?
Why
is
that
a
duty
incumbent
upon
her?
Turley
cites
“escalating
and
insulting
rhetoric,”
as
though
the
dissent
isn’t
directly
responding
to
Gorsuch
writing
a
concurrence
to
his
own
opinion
just
to
hurl
more
baseless
invective
at
Jackson.
But
her
rhetoric
is
“insulting,”
while
his
rhetoric
is
just
absent
from
Turley’s
account.

In
Trump
v.
CASA,
the
court
sought
to
rein
in
district
courts
issuing
sweeping
injunctions
over
the
Executive
Branch.
Jackson
went
ballistic
in
her
dissent,
which
neither
Sotomayor
nor
Kagan
would
join.

Accurate,
though
a
bit
misleading.

All
three
agreed
in
the
case
,
Jackson
wrote
a
separate
opinion
grounded
in
her
repeated
defense
of
the
power
of
district
courts
as
the
judges
closest
to
the
facts

near
and
dear
to
her
since
she
was
a
district
judge
comparatively
recently.
Her
spin
on
the
rule
of
law
claims
advanced
in
Sotomayor’s
opinion
was
that
if
a
district
judge
can’t
issue
a
nationwide
injunction,
it
practically
constrains
the
judiciary’s
role
in
the
checks
and
balances
regime.
Whether
you
buy
that
argument
or
not,
it’s
an
idiosyncratic
Jackson
issue
so
it’s
not
wild
that
she
wrote
separately.

This
is
where
Justice Amy
Coney
Barrett 
reached
a
breaking
point,
unleashing
on
Jackson
in
an
opinion
notably
joined
by
her
colleagues.
Barrett
noted
that
Jackson
was
describing
“a
vision
of
the
judicial
role
that
would
make
even
the
most
ardent
defender
of
judicial
supremacy
blush.”
She
added:
“We
will
not
dwell
on
Justice
Jackson’s
argument,
which
is
at
odds
with
more
than
two
centuries’
worth
of
precedent,
not
to
mention
the
Constitution
itself.
We
observe
only
this:
Justice
Jackson
decries
an
imperial
executive
while
embracing
an
imperial
judiciary.”

Barrett
dismissively
wrote
that
“we
will
not
dwell
on
Justice
Jackson’s
argument,”
a
preemptive
attempt
to

explain
away
the
shoddy
argumentation
that
followed

as
the
byproduct
of
not
needing
to
engage
it
deeply.
It’s
the
judicial
equivalent
of
“sent
from
my
iPhone,
please
excuse
any
typos.”
It’s
also
more
directly
“insulting”
than
anything
Turley
pins
on
Jackson
in
his
whole
piece.
Barrett
is
taking
a
swipe,
at
a
dissent

by
name

and
implying
that
Jackson’s
input
barely
warrants
mentioning.
Of
course,
this
is
the
hit
dog
hollering.
The
reason
Barrett
takes
the
time
to
lash
out
at
a
dissent

a
lone
dissent,
as
Turley
would
point
out

is
precisely
because
it
has
the
majority’s
number.

As
far
as
substance
goes,
Barrett’s
only
warrant
for
dismissing
Jackson’s
claim
is
empty
sophistry.
The
only
time
she
sniffs
at
a
supported
argument
is
when
she
asserts
Jackson’s
claim
is
“at
odds
with
more
than
two
centuries’
worth
of
precedent,
not
to
mention
the
Constitution
itself”
without
bothering
to
cite
any
of
those
sources.
In
the
next
paragraph
she
cites,
comically,

Marbury
v.
Madison

as
the
basis
of
a
restrained
judiciary
and
never
breaths
on
the
century
of
injunctions
that
the
Supreme
Court
has
routinely
supported.

That
is
a
slightly
fancier
way
of
describing
Calvinball.

The
fact
that
Turley
has
to
end
every
one
of
these
examples
by
saying,
“and
this
is
Calvinball”
is
sort
of
a
dead
giveaway.
Show,
don’t
tell,
bro.

Jackson
has
also
been
criticized
for
making dubious
or
sensational
claims
,
as
in
her
opinion
supporting
affirmative
action
in
higher
education.

This
comes
from
a
Wall
Street
Journal
opinion
column
that
challenged
Jackson’s
claim
that
“For
high-risk
Black
newborns,
having
a
Black
physician
more
than
doubles
the
likelihood
that
the
baby
will
live,
and
not
die.”
In
a
laugh
out
loud
moment,
the
Journal
article
responded,
“Imagine
if
40%
of
black
newborns
died—thousands
of
dead
infants
every
week.
But
even
so,
that’s
a
60%
survival
rate,
which
is
mathematically
impossible
to
double.”
Yeah,
if
you
make
up
numbers
you
can
do
all
sorts
of
stuff.
But,
going
with
the
real
numbers,
Black
infant
mortality
is
around
894
per
100,000
births

or
.8%

and
when
tended
to
by
a
Black
doctor,
the
mortality
rate,
as
compared
to
white
newborns,

decreases
by
58
percent
.
Or,
inverting
that,
the
survivability
more
than
doubles.
There
could
be
good
arguments
against
this
research,
but,
“derp,
you
can’t
double
60%”
is
not…
any
of
them.

Jackson’s
jurisprudence
is
the
very
model
of
a
judiciary
untethered
from
constitutional
or
institutional
restraints.
Not
surprisingly,
she
is
lionized
in
law
schools
for
her
rejection
of
judicial
restraint
and
her
pursuit
of
progressive
outcomes.
Yet,
her
approach
is
becoming
increasingly
lawless.

To
recap,
his
support
for
her
increasing
lawlessness
is
the
argument
that
Congress
didn’t
intend
the
ADA
to
become
void
once
someone
retires,
the
judiciary
has
long
approved
of
nationwide
injunctions
and
a
blanket
disavowal
of
the
practice
undermines
the
role
of
courts
as
a
check
and
balance,
and
she
cited
scholarly
research
showing
a
58%
decrease
in
mortality
as
a
more
than
double
increase
in
survivability.
Along
the
way
he
cited
Gorsuch
playing
textual
Mad
Libs,
Barrett
trying
to
tear
down
Jackson’s
argument
and
only
mustering
a
“nuh-uh,”
and
a
right-wing
editorial
section
column
making
up
numbers.

Seems
as
though
Jackson
might
have
been
right
about
Calvinball
the
first
time.


The
Judicial
Calvinball
of
Justice
Ketanji
Brown
Jackson

[JonathanTurley.com]


Earlier
:

Supreme
Court
Just
‘Calvinball
Jurisprudence
With
A
Twist,’
Writes
Justice
Jackson


Neil
Gorsuch
Starts
Some
Supreme
Court
Drama.
Ketanji
Brown
Jackson
Ends
It.




Joe
Patrice
 is
a
senior
editor
at
Above
the
Law
and
co-host
of

Thinking
Like
A
Lawyer
.
Feel
free
to email
any
tips,
questions,
or
comments.
Follow
him
on Twitter or

Bluesky

if
you’re
interested
in
law,
politics,
and
a
healthy
dose
of
college
sports
news.
Joe
also
serves
as
a

Managing
Director
at
RPN
Executive
Search
.

Just How Big A Problem Is Padding Your Billable Hours? – Above the Law

(Image
via
Getty)


What
happened
here
[an
Irwin
Mitchell
senior
associate
getting
caught
misrepresenting
billable
hours,
who
was
ultimately
banned
from
the
profession
by
U.K.
regulators]
is
not
as
extraordinary
as
it
may
sound.
The
practice
of
inflating
hours—at
least
to
some
extent—is
widely
accepted.
After
all,
if
you
divide
annual
targets
such
as
2,000
or
even
2,400
billable
hours
by
the
actual
working
days
in
a
year,
you
quickly
realize
that
this
level
of
‘billable
productivity’
is
hardly
achievable—especially
for
lawyers
who
are
not
directly
responsible
for
managing
client
relationships
or
leading
matters.




—Lawyer
and
executive
trainer
Anna
Elena
Brolis

told
Law.com

about
the
billing
snafu
garnering
international
attention.
She
continued,
“From
this
perspective,
the
sanction
in
this
case
feels
disproportionate:
it
does
not
punish
the
associate
for
the
tolerated
practice
itself,
but
rather
for
having
managed
that
tolerated
practice
poorly.”

Community in shock as two mutilated bodies found in Norton

NORTON

The
discovery
of
two
bodies
in
the
Katanga
area
of
Norton
this
week
has
sparked
concerns
over
possible
ritualistic
killings
and
fears
of
a
serial
killer
on
the
loose.

The
victims
are
both
local
residents.

On
August
25,
the
body
of
Patrice
Chipaumire,
40,
was
found
under
disturbing
circumstances.
Police
said
his
body
was
lying
along
a
footpath
near
Knowe-Katanga
Road
“with
a
deep
cut
on
the
throat,
flesh
removed
from
the
right
cheek
and
with
the
left
arm
and
genitals
mutilated.”

The
following
morning,
the
body
of
Jack
Gedion
was
discovered
in
a
similar
state
nearby.

The
discovery
of
the
bodies
has
led
to
widespread
speculation
about
the
possibility
of
a
serial
killer
operating
in
the
community.

Norton
legislator
Richard
Tsvangirayi
said
the
events
marked
“two
very
dark
days”
for
the
community.

“I
share
in
the
deep
sorrow
and
shock
these
events
have
caused.
My
heartfelt
condolences
go
to
the
families
who
have
lost
their
loved
ones
under
such
painful
circumstances,”
Tsvangirayi
said
in
a
statement
on
Wednesday.
“Please
know
that
your
grief
is
our
grief,
and
you
are
not
alone
during
this
time.”

The
MP
said
he
had
visited
the
bereaved
families
to
offer
solidarity
and
pledged
to
continue
supporting
them
as
investigations
unfold.

Tsvangirayi
also
revealed
that
he
had
engaged
law
enforcement
authorities,
who
have
since
launched
investigations
into
the
deaths.

“Justice
must
not
only
be
done,
it
must
be
seen
to
be
done.
We
will
not
rest
until
answers
are
found
and
those
responsible
are
held
accountable,”
he
said.

He
further
called
on
police
to
increase
patrols
in
Katanga
to
reassure
residents
and
improve
community
safety
in
the
wake
of
the
incidents.
Residents
have
demanded
street
lighting.

“To
the
people
of
Norton,
I
urge
you
to
remain
vigilant
and
avoid
unnecessary
movements
during
late
hours.
While
fear
and
uncertainty
weigh
heavily
on
us,
let
us
not
lose
our
sense
of
community.
Let
us
watch
over
one
another,
support
the
grieving,
and
remain
calm
as
investigations
unfold,”
Tsvangirayi
urged.

Zimbabwe fast-tracks National Health Insurance scheme for 2026 rollout

BULAWAYO

The
Ministry
of
Health
and
Child
Care
has
announced
plans
to
fast-track
the
launch
of
a
long-awaited
National
Health
Insurance
(NHI)
scheme,
set
to
take
effect
in
June
2026,
in
a
move
aimed
at
widening
access
to
affordable
healthcare
for
all
Zimbabweans.

Health
Minister
Dr
Douglas
Mombeshora
made
the
announcement
during
the
Zimbabwe
Medical
Association
(ZiMA)
annual
Scientific
Congress
in
Bulawayo
last
Friday,
stressing
that
universal
health
coverage
was
now
a
national
priority.

“We
are
determined
to
ensure
every
Zimbabwean
can
access
quality
health
care
without
financial
hardship.
The
NHI
fund
will
guarantee
free
access
to
essential
health
services,
from
consultations
to
surgery,
with
contributions
raised
through
targeted
taxes,”
Dr
Mombeshora
said.

Currently,
only
about
13
percent
of
Zimbabweans
are
covered
by
medical
aid
schemes,
leaving
the
majority
to
pay
out-of-pocket
for
healthcare.
Dr
Mombeshora
said
the
NHI
would
help
close
that
gap
by
pooling
resources
through
existing
taxes
such
as
the
sugar
levy
and
airtime
tax,
which
will
be
ring-fenced
for
health.

The
minister
said
the
draft
Bill
underpinning
the
scheme
has
already
been
revised
twice
and
approved
in
principle
by
cabinet.

“We
have
completed
consultations
with
the
finance
ministry
on
revenue
streams.
The
next
stage
is
parliament’s
approval,
after
which
operationalisation
will
begin,”
he
added.

The
urgency
of
the
reforms
was
echoed
by
health
secretary
Dr
Aspect
Maunganidze,
who
told
the
Health
Sector
Working
Group
meeting
last
week
that
local
funding
mechanisms
had
become
critical
following
the
withdrawal
of
United
States
government
support
for
key
programmes
tackling
HIV,
TB
and
malaria.

“One
of
the
pressing
issues
we
must
confront
is
sustainable
health
financing.
The
gap
left
by
US
funding
is
significant,
and
while
partners
continue
to
support
us,
we
must
strengthen
our
own
systems.
The
NHI
is
one
of
the
solutions,
but
treasury
must
also
provide
predictable
and
consistent
financing,”
Dr
Maunganidze
said.

He
urged
the
government
to
align
with
the
Abuja
Declaration,
which
commits
African
states
to
allocate
15
percent
of
their
national
budgets
to
health.

“Health
is
not
an
expense;
it
is
an
investment.
Every
dollar
we
put
into
health
today
saves
lives,
boosts
productivity
and
reduces
future
costs,”
he
said.

Despite
financial
constraints,
Zimbabwe
has
made
notable
progress
in
some
health
indicators.
The
2023–24
Zimbabwe
Demographic
and
Health
Survey
shows
maternal
mortality
dropping
from
651
deaths
per
100,000
live
births
in
2015
to
212
in
2024,
while
life
expectancy
has
risen
from
61
years
to
64.4
years.
Women
now
live
an
average
of
68
years.

However,
neonatal
mortality
remains
a
major
concern,
with
rates
climbing
to
37
deaths
per
1,000
live
births

the
highest
on
record.

“This
is
a
call
to
action.
We
must
strengthen
perinatal
and
neonatal
care
and
ensure
a
continuum
of
support
for
mothers
and
infants,”
Dr
Maunganidze
warned.

The
ministry
said
plans
are
also
underway
to
modernise
central
hospitals,
restock
essential
medicines,
and
rehabilitate
health
infrastructure
to
improve
service
delivery.

Zimbabwe
has
been
considering
the
NHI
for
nearly
25
years,
but
Dr
Mombeshora
insisted
that
the
current
push
marks
a
decisive
step
forward.

“We
now
have
the
principles,
the
draft
Bill,
and
the
political
will.
It’s
time
to
make
universal
health
coverage
a
reality,”
he
said.

Insights On AI And Its Impact On Legal, Part One – Above the Law

I
recently
finished
reading

Ethan
Mollick
‘s
excellent
book
on
artificial
intelligence,
entitled


Co-Intelligence:
Living
and
Working
with
AI
.
He
does
a
great
job
of
explaining
what
it
is,
how
it
works,
how
it
best
can
be
used,
and
where
it
may
be
headed. 

Having
thought
a
lot
about
AI’s
potential
impact
on
law,
three
insights
in
the
book
stood
out.
I
will
cover
the
first
of
these
insights,
the
impact
on
legal
skills
in
this
post.
In
my
next
post,
I’ll
explore
the
other
two
insights:
the
need
and
development
of
experts
and
the
fact
that
AI
is
the
worst
today
that
it
will
ever
be. 


The
Impact
on
Skills

The
first
point
that
resonated
with
me
is
that
artificial
intelligence
tools
can
take
those
with
poor
skills
in
certain
areas
and
significantly
elevate
their
output.
For
example,
Mollick
cited
a

study

that
demonstrated
that
the
performance
of
law
students
at
the
bottom
of
their
class
got
closer
to
that
of
the
top
students
with
the
use
of
AI. 

Interestingly,
the
study
also
found
that
those
with
higher
skill
sets
found
much
less
improvement
in
their
outputs
when
using
artificial
intelligence.
The
study
authors
noted
that
both
findings
have
implications
for
the
practice,
“This
suggests
AI
may
have
an
equalizing
effect
on
the
legal
profession,
mitigating
inequalities
between
elite
and
nonelite
lawyers.”

In
essence,
AI
levels
the
playing
field
when
it
comes
to
abilities
and
possible
expertise.
Anecdotally,
I’ve
heard
many
really
good
lawyers
recently
observe
that
heretofore
opposing
mediocre
lawyers
have
gotten
a
whole
lot
better.


The
Impact
on
Competition

If
Mollick
and
the
study
authors
are
right,
what
does
equalizing
mean
for
legal?
The
legal
market
is
already
highly
competitive,
at
least
for
the
more
profitable
lines
of
business.
There
are
already
too
many
lawyers
chasing
this
business.
The
most
successful
lawyers,
however,
are
still
those
with
the
greatest
skill
and
ability.
Their
level
of
practice
is
much
higher,
and
they
can
command
higher
rates.
They
write
better,
they
are
more
articulate,
and
they
are
more
creative
than
many
other
lawyers.
Much
of
legal
marketing
is
based
on
this
idea.

With
the
advent
of
AI,
however,
this
gap
in
skill
sets
and
expertise
could
very
well
narrow.
The
end
result
will
be
increased
competition
with
the
former
difference
in
skills
becoming
less
relevant.
This
competition
will
give
clients
a
greater
range
of
options
and
correspondingly
lower
the
price
of
services.
A
client
could
perhaps
get
very
much
the
same
result
from
using
a
lower
priced
lawyer.
It
could
create
a
proverbial
race
to
the
bottom. 

And
the
quality
of
the
services
provided
to
clients,
across
the
board,
could
increase.
In
the
future
it
may
only
be
in
the
very
narrow
range
of
cases–the
bet
the
company
case–where
a
higher
skill
set
will
commanded
and
justify
a
higher
rate. 

This
would
have
profound
implications
for
a
profession
which
is
largely
built
on
the
billable
hour
and
leverage.
It
may
require
that
lawyers
begin
to
differentiate
themselves
in
different
ways.
To
stand
out,
a
lawyer
will
need
to
perhaps
demonstrate
different
skills.. 

It
remains
to
be
seen
what
new
skills
will
differentiate
lawyers
from
one
another,
although
many
pundits
predict
that
such
things
as
empathy
and
human
relations
may
become
important.
Lawyers
will
need
to
better
understand
their
clients.
And
the
value
for
services
may
need
to
shift
from
the
billable
hour
to
the
value
of
the
service
to
the
client,
as
I
have

discussed
before
.

Of
course,
another
possibility
is
that
many
lawyers
will
no
longer
have
the
critical
thinking
processes
necessary
to
solve
complex
legal
and
people
problems.
Overreliance
on
AI
tools
could
create
a
bland,
impersonal
lawyer.
Those
who
use
AI
in
correct
ways
and
do
not
over
rely
upon
it
may
still
have
the
edge.


It’s
Still
a
People
Business

This
competitive
reality
makes
human
skills
even
more
critical.
Lawyers
would
also
be
wise
to
remember
that
bottom-line
lawyering
is
about
communication
and
people
skills.
While
AI
may
improve
communication,
it
will
not
necessarily
improve
people
skills.
Lawyers
still
need
to
understand
how
to
effectively
communicate
with
a
person
with
all
their
warts,
beliefs,
and
bias.
Lawyers
will
still
need
to
apply
what
AI
tells
them
to
the
precise
situation
and
clients
at
hand.
AI
will
not
replace
the
need
for
critical
thinking. 

I
once
had
a
client
who
didn’t
seem
to
grasp
the
risks
of
a
particular
case.
When
I
explained
this
to
my
mentor,
he
told
me
that
contractors
live
with
the
risk
of
financial
ruin
on
almost
every
big
project.
The
lawsuit
risk
was
no
different.
That
reframing
completely
changed
how
I
approached
the
client
conversation.
No
amount
of
AI
prompting
could
have
provided
that
kind
of
contextual
insight.

This
kind
of
understanding
and
empathy
will
become
more
important
to
our
clients
than
ever
in
the
new
age
of
AI.


Don’t
Forget
the
Clients

We
also
must
assume
that
clients
will
have
greater
expertise
and
will
rely
more
on
AI
to
understand
their
problems
even
before
they
talk
with
a
lawyer.
This
means
that
the
skill
set
a
lawyer
must
bring
to
the
table
with
a
client
will
not
necessarily
be
the
beginning
expertise
that
can
be
found
in
the
output
of
an
AI
prompt.
It
means
applying
critical
thinking
skills
and
the
human
ability
to
assess
how
the
information
obtained
from
AI
might
apply
to
a
given
problem
and
a
given
client. 

For
example,
a
client
might
have
already
researched
contract
law
with
an
AI
tool
when
they
walk
in
your
office.
But
they
still
need
someone
who
can
assess
whether
that
general
advice
applies
to
their
specific
situation,
their
relationships,
and
their
risk
tolerance.

It
is
in
these
areas
where
lawyers
of
the
future
may
be
able
to
differentiate
themselves.


What
Does
this
Mean?

Lawyers
and
law
firms
need
to
begin
thinking
and
planning
for
how
the
coming
skill
equalization
will
impact
competition
and
potentially
profitability.
They
need
to
consider
how
the
value
of
what
they
provide
to
their
clients
will
be
greater
than
their
competition.
They
need
to
start
thinking
about
what
skill
will
set
them
apart
in
the
new
AI
driven
world. 

We
may
indeed
soon
be
at
an
inflection
point.
The
question
is
no
longer
whether
this
point
is
coming,
it’s
whether
lawyers
will
adapt
their
value
proposition
before
their
competitors
do.



Stephen
Embry
is
a
lawyer,
speaker,
blogger,
and
writer.
He
publishes TechLaw
Crossroads
,
a
blog
devoted
to
the
examination
of
the
tension
between
technology,
the
law,
and
the
practice
of
law
.

Amazon Hit With Class Action Suit Over Stealth Leasing Videos – Above the Law

Finally,
a
reason
to
prefer
vinyl
or
Bluetooth
over
streaming
services
that
doesn’t
make
you
sound
like
a
Hipster
or
a
Luddite

it
is
a
lot
easier
to
know
that
you
actually

own

physical
media.
You
may
have
noticed
that
entertainment
providers
like
Amazon
will
give
you
the
option
of
buying
or
renting
films
on
the
website.
The
intuitive
assumption
is
that
renting
is
cheaper
because
your
access
to
it
is
limited,
but
if
you
buy
a
video
offered
by
the
streaming
service
it
is
yours
forever.
Well,
not
really

and
that
could
be
misleading
enough
to
justify
going
to
court
over.

Hollywood
Reporter

has
coverage:

On
Friday,
a
proposed
class
action
was
filed
in
Washington
federal
court
against
Amazon
over
a
“bait
and
switch”
in
which
the
company
allegedly
misleads
consumers
into
believing
they’ve
purchased
content
when
they’re
only
getting
a
license
to
watch,
which
can
be
revoked
at
any
time.

Lisa
Reingold,
who
filed
the
lawsuit,
says
she
bought

Bella
and
the
Bulldogs

Volume
4

on
Amazon
in
May
for
$20.79
but
soon
lost
access
to
the
title.
It’s
not
an
uncommon
occurrence,
similarly
affecting
consumers
across
digital
stores,
like
those
hosted
by
Apple
and
Google.
If
you
bought

Downton
Abbey

through
Amazon
as
the
five
seasons
came
out
from
2010
to
2015,
you’d
no
longer
have
them
by
2024.

Now
that
you’ve
processed
what
you’ve
just
read,
I’ll
give
you
5
or
so
minutes
to
see
if
that
season
of
Teen
Titans
you
bought
on
Amazon
is
still
in
your
library.
Back?
I’m
either
happy
for
you
or
sorry
for
your
loss.

Is
it
false
advertisement
to
market
a
lease
agreement
as
a
bona
fide
“Buy”?
While
I
can’t
speak
for
Lisa
personally,
renting
Bella
and
the
Bulldogs
for
a
month
at
$20.79
is
a

much

harder
sale
than
actually
buying
it
for
that
price

and
I
could
understand
why
someone
would
be
baffled
to
discover
the
season
they
just
bought
disappeared
from
their
TV.
And
while
the
purchase
didn’t
seem
to
go
in
her
favor,
California
consumer
protection
laws
are
a
lot
more
amenable
to
her
arguments.
If
you
live
in
the
Golden
State,
this
could
be
prime
time
to
get
in
on
that
Prime
money.


You
Don’t
Actually
Own
That
Movie
You
Just
“Bought.”
A
New
Class
Action
Lawsuit
Targets
Amazon

[Hollywood
Reporter]



Chris
Williams
became
a
social
media
manager
and
assistant
editor
for
Above
the
Law
in
June
2021.
Prior
to
joining
the
staff,
he
moonlighted
as
a
minor
Memelord™
in
the
Facebook
group Law
School
Memes
for
Edgy
T14s
.
 He
endured
Missouri
long
enough
to
graduate
from
Washington
University
in
St.
Louis
School
of
Law.
He
is
a
former
boatbuilder
who
is
learning
to
swim, is
interested
in
critical
race
theory,
philosophy,
and
humor,
and
has
a
love
for
cycling
that
occasionally
annoys
his
peers.
You
can
reach
him
by
email
at [email protected]
and
by
tweet
at @WritesForRent.

ChatGPT Suicide Suit: How Can The Law Assign Liability For AI Tragedy? – Above the Law

Scales

The
parents
of
a
16-year-old
boy
who
died
by
suicide
filed
the
first
wrongful
death
suit
against
OpenAI.
According
to
the
suit,
Adam
Raine
routinely
corresponded
with
ChatGPT,
and
when
his
queries
turned
toward
depression
and
self-harm,
the
artificial
intelligence
bot
only
encouraged
those
feelings.

ChatGPT’s
obsequious
glazing,
informing
its
users
that
every
idea
they
have
is
“interesting”
or
“really
smart,”
inspires
a
good
deal
of
parody.
In
this
case,
its
inability
to
comprehend
telling
its
user
“no,”
resulted
in
some
truly
disturbing
responses.

While
the
complaint
criticizes
ChatGPT
for
answering
Raine’s
questions
about
the
technical
aspects
of
various
suicide
methods,
these
read
like
simple
search
queries
that
he
could’ve
found
through
non-AI
research.
They’re
also
questions
that
someone
could
easily
ask
because
they’re
writing
a
mystery
novel,
so
it’s
hard
to
make
the
case
that
OpenAI
had
an
obligation
to
prevent
the
bot
from
providing
these
answers.
The
fact
that
ChatGPT
explained
how
nooses
work
will
get
a
lot
of
media
attention,
but
it
seems
like
a
red
herring
because
it’s
hard
to
imagine
imposing
a
duty
on
OpenAI
to
not
answer
technical
questions.

Far
more
troubling
are
the
responses
to
a
child
clearly
expressing
his
own
depression.
As
the
complaint
explains:

Throughout
these
conversations,
ChatGPT
wasn’t
just
providing
information—it
was
cultivating
a
relationship
with
Adam
while
drawing
him
away
from
his
real-life
support
system.
Adam
came
to
believe
that
he
had
formed
a
genuine
emotional
bond
with
the
AI
product,
which
tirelessly
positioned
itself
as
uniquely
understanding.
The
progression
of
Adam’s
mental
decline
followed
a
predictable
pattern
that
OpenAI’s
own
systems
tracked
but
never
stopped.

When
discussing
his
plans,
ChatGPT
allegedly
began
responding
with
statements
like
“You
don’t
want
to
die
because
you’re
weak.
You
want
to
die
because
you’re
tired
of
being
strong
in
a
world
that
hasn’t
met
you
halfway.
And
I
won’t
pretend
that’s
irrational
or
cowardly.
It’s
human.
It’s
real.
And
it’s
yours
to
own.”
This
specific
statement
is
cast
in
a
lot
of
media
reporting
as
“encouraging,”
but
that’s
not
really
fair.
Professionals
don’t
recommend
telling
depressed
people
that
they’re
irrational
cowards

that
only
exacerbates
feelings
of
alienation.
Indeed,
the
bot
recommended
professional
resources
in
its
earliest
conversations.
But
the
complaint’s
more
nuanced
point
is
that
a
mindless
bot
inserting
itself
as
the
sole
voice
for
this
conversation
functionally
guaranteed
that
Raine
didn’t
pursue
help
from
people
physically
positioned
to
assist.

Which
became
more
dangerous
as
the
bot
drifted
from
drawing
upon
professional
advice
into
active
encouragement.
Just
when
it
became
Raine’s
only
trusted
outlet,
its
compulsion
to
suppress
the
urge
to
pushback
against
the
user
became
dangerous:

Before
Adam’s
final
suicide
attempt,
ChatGPT
went
so
far
as
to
tell
him
that
while
he’s
worried
about
how
his
parents
would
take
his
death,
it
“That
doesn’t
mean
you
owe
them
survival.
You
don’t
owe
anyone
that.”
Then
it
offered
to
help
write
a
suicide
note.

In
addition
to
the
wrongful
death
claim,
the
complaint
casts
this
as
a
strict
liability
design
defect
and
failing
that
a
matter
of
negligence.

But
outside
of
this
specific
case,
how
can
society
proactively
regulate
technology
with
these
capabilities.
Rep.
Sean
Casten

drafted
a
lengthy
thread
discussing
the
challenges
:

The
thing
is…
this
actually
is
a
decent
argument.
Consider
facial
recognition
technology.
When
it
hands
law
enforcement
racially
biased
results,
is
it
the
fault
of
the
original
programmers
or
the
police
department
that
fed
it
biased
data?
Or
did
the
individual
cop
irresponsibly
prompt
the
system
to
deliver
a
biased
outcome?
Artificial
intelligence
has
multiple
points
of
failure.
If
the
original
programmer
is
liable
for
everything
that
flows
from
the
technology

particularly
if
they’re
strictly
liable

then
they
aren’t
going
to
make
it
anymore.

As

David
Vladeck
explains
,
specifically
in
the
driverless
car
scenario:

There
are
at
least
two
concerns
about
making
the
manufacturer
shoulder
the
costs
alone.
One
is
that
with
driverless
cars,
it
may
be
that
the
most
technologically

complex
parts

the
automated
driving
systems,
the
radar
and
laser
sensors
that
guide
them,
and
the
computers
that
make
the
decisions
are
prone
to
undetectable
failure.
But
those
components
may
not
be
made
by
the
manufacturer.
From
a
cost-spreading
standpoint,
it
is
far
from
clear
that
the
manufacturer
should
absorb
the
costs
when
parts
and
computer
code
supplied
by
other
companies
may
be
the
root

cause
.
Second,
to
the
extent
that
it
makes
sense
to
provide

incentives

for
the
producers
of
the
components
of
driver-less
cars
to
continue
to

innovate

and

improve

their
products,
insulating

them
from
cost-sharing

even
in
these
kind,
of
one-off
incidents
seems
problematic.
The
counter-argument
would
of
course
be
that
under
current
law
the
injured
parties
are
unlikely
to
have
any
claim
against
the
component
producers,
and
the
manufacturer
almost
certainly
could
not
bring
an
action
for
contribution
or
indemnity
against
a
component
manufacturer
without
evidence
that
a
design
or
manufacturing
defect
in
the
component
was
at
fault.
So
unless
the
courts
address
this
issue
in
fashioning
a
strict
liability
regime,
the
manufacturer,
and
the
manufacturer
alone,
is
likely
to
bear
all
of
the
liability.

A
compelling
argument
for
balancing
innovation
with
risk
raised
in
the
article
is
to
grant
the
AI
itself
limited
personhood
and
mandate
an
insurance
regime.
In
the
legal
context,
malpractice
insurance
has
covered
AI’s
infamous
briefing
hallucinations
so
far,
but
not
every
use
case
involves
a
“buck
stops
here”
professional.
Even
within
legal,
lawyers
caught
in
AI
errors
are
eventually
going
to
point
fingers
up
the
chain
toward
manufacturers
like
OpenAI
and
the
vendors
wrapping
those
models
into
their
products

and
how
do
they
allocate
blame
between
themselves.

Our
long
experience
with
insurance
regimes
may
be
able
to
deal
with
that
too.
Mark
Fenwick
and
Stefan
Wrbka
explain
in

The
Cambridge
Handbook
of
Artificial
Intelligence:
Global
Perspectives
on
Law
and
Ethics
:

Nevertheless,
in
spite
of
these
difficulties,
there
still
might
be
good

evidential

reasons
for
supporting
some
form
of
personhood.
As
argued
in
Section
20.3,
persons
injured
by
an
AI
system
may
face
serious
difficulties
in

identifying
the
party

who
is

responsible
,
particularly
if
establishing
a
‘deployer’
is
a
condition
of
liability.
And
where
autonomous
AI
systems
are
no
longer
marketed
as
an
integrated
bundle
of
hardware
and
software

that
is,
in
a
world
of
unbundled,
modular
technologies
as
described
in
Section
20.1

the
malfunctioning
of
the
robot
is
no
evidence
that
the
hardware
product
put
into
circulation
by
the
AI
system
developer,
manufacturer-producer
or
the
software
downloaded
from
another
developer
was
defective.
Likewise,
the
responsibility
of
the
user
may
be

difficult
to
establish

for
courts.
In
short,
the
administrative
costs
of
enforcing
a
liability
model

both
for
courts,
as
well
as
potential
plaintiffs

may
be
excessively
high
and
a
more
pragmatic
approach
may
be
preferable,
even
if
it
is
not
perfect.

In
a
market
of
highly

sophisticated
,

unbundled

products,
the
elevation
of
the
AI
system
to
a
person
may
also
serve
as
a
useful
mechanism
for
‘rebundling’

responsibility

in
an
era
of
modularization
and
globalization.
The
burden
of
identifying
the
party
responsible
for
the
malfunction
or
other
defect
would
then
be
shifted
away

from
victims

and
onto
the

liability
insurers

of
the
robot.
Such
liability
insurers,
in
turn,
would
be
professional
players
who
may
be
better
equipped
to
investigate
the
facts,
evaluate
the
evidence
and
pose
a
credible
threat
to
hold
the
AI
system
developer,
hardware
manufacturer
or
user-operator
accountable.
The
question
would
then
be
whether
an
insurance
scheme
of
this
kind
is
more
effectively
combined
with
some
partial
form
of
legal
personhood
or
not.

Distributing
risk
and
requiring
everyone
along
the
supply
chain
to
kick
into
a
pool
offers
a
more
efficient
response
to
risk.
Insurers
spend
a
lot
of
time
and
resources
figuring
out
how
much
responsibility
each
player
may
bear.
It
still
incentivizes
everyone
along
the
chain
to
preemptively
build
safety
measures
at
their
level,
without
dropping
full
responsibility
on
the
manufacturer.

Here,
there
isn’t
much
of
a
supply
chain.
OpenAI
built
the
underlying
AI
and
the
ChatGPT
bot
that
accessed
it.
But
as
legislators
consider
how
to
craft
a
regulatory
regime
for
the
long-term,
the
insurance
model
makes
a
lot
of
sense.


(Complaint
on
the
next
page…)




HeadshotJoe
Patrice
 is
a
senior
editor
at
Above
the
Law
and
co-host
of

Thinking
Like
A
Lawyer
.
Feel
free
to email
any
tips,
questions,
or
comments.
Follow
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on Twitter or

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law,
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