The
Trump
administration’s
cancellation
of
$766
million
in
contracts
to
develop
mRNA
vaccines
against
potential
pandemic
flu
viruses
is
the
latest
blow
to
national
defense,
former
health
security
officials
said.
They
warned
that
the
U.S.
could
be
at
the
mercy
of
other
countries
in
the
next
pandemic.
“The
administration’s
actions
are
gutting
our
deterrence
from
biological
threats,”
said
Beth
Cameron,
a
senior
adviser
to
the
Brown
University
Pandemic
Center
and
a
former
director
at
the
White
House
National
Security
Council.
“Canceling
this
investment
is
a
signal
that
we
are
changing
our
posture
on
pandemic
preparedness,”
she
added,
“and
that
is
not
good
for
the
American
people.”
Flu
pandemics
killed
up
to
103
million
people
worldwide
last
century,
researchers
estimate.
In
anticipation
of
the
next
big
one,
the
U.S.
government
began
bolstering
the
nation’s
pandemic
flu
defenses
during
the
George
W.
Bush
administration.
These
strategies
were
designed
by
the
security
council
and
the
Biomedical
Advanced
Research
and
Development
Authority
at
the
Department
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
among
other
agencies.
The
plans
rely
on
rolling
out
vaccines
rapidly
in
a
pandemic.
Moving
fast
hinges
on
producing
vaccines
domestically,
ensuring
their
safety,
and
getting
them
into
arms
across
the
nation
through
the
public
health
system.
The
Trump
administration
is
undermining
each
of
these
steps
as
it
guts
health
agencies,
cuts
research
and
health
budgets,
and
issues
perplexing
policy
changes,
health
security
experts
said.
Since
President
Donald
Trump
took
office,
at
least
half
of
the
security
council’s
staff
have
been
laid
off
or
left,
and
the
future
of
BARDA
is
murky.
The
nation’s
top
vaccine
adviser,
Peter
Marks,
resigned
under
pressure
in
March,
citing
“the
unprecedented
assault
on
scientific
truth.”
Most
recently,
Trump’s
clawback
of
funds
for
mRNA
vaccine
development
put
Americans
on
shakier
ground
in
the
next
pandemic.
“When
the
need
hits
and
we
aren’t
ready,
no
other
country
will
come
to
our
rescue
and
we
will
suffer
greatly,”
said
Rick
Bright,
an
immunologist
and
a
former
BARDA
director.
Countries
that
produced
their
own
vaccines
in
the
covid-19
pandemic
had
first
dibs
on
the
shots.
While
the
United
States,
home
to
Moderna
and
Pfizer,
rolled
out
second
doses
of
mRNA
vaccines
in
2021,
hundreds
of
thousands
of
people
in
countries
that
didn’t
manufacture
vaccines
died
waiting
for
them.
The
most
pertinent
pandemic
threat
today
is
the
bird
flu
virus
H5N1.
Researchers
around
the
world
were
alarmed
when
it
began
spreading
among
cattle
in
the
U.S.
last
year.
Cows
are
closer
to
humans
biologically
than
birds,
indicating
that
the
virus
had
evolved
to
thrive
in
cells
like
our
own.
As
hundreds
of
herds
and
dozens
of
people
were
infected
in
the
U.S.,
the
Biden
administration
funded
Moderna
to
develop
bird
flu
vaccines
using
mRNA
technology.
As
part
of
the
agreement,
the
U.S.
government
stipulated
it
could
purchase
doses
in
advance
of
a
pandemic.
That
no
longer
stands.
Researchers
can
make
bird
flu
vaccines
in
other
ways,
but
mRNA
vaccines
are
developed
much
more
quickly
because
they
don’t
rely
on
finicky
biological
processes,
such
as
growing
elements
of
vaccines
in
chicken
eggs
or
cells
kept
alive
in
laboratory
tanks.
Time
matters
because
flu
viruses
mutate
constantly,
and
vaccines
work
better
when
they
match
whatever
variant
is
circulating.
Developing
vaccines
within
eggs
or
cells
can
take
10
months
after
the
genetic
sequence
of
a
variant
is
known,
Bright
said.
And
relying
on
eggs
presents
an
additional
risk
when
it
comes
to
bird
flu
because
a
pandemic
could
wipe
out
billions
of
chickens,
crashing
egg
supplies.
Decades-old
methods
that
rely
on
inactivated
flu
viruses
are
riskier
for
researchers
and
time-consuming.
Still
the
Trump
administration
invested
$500
million
into
this
approach,
which
was
largely
abandoned
by
the
1980s
after
it
caused
seizures
in
children.
“This
politicized
regression
is
baffling,”
Bright
said.
A
bird
flu
pandemic
may
begin
quietly
in
the
U.S.
if
the
virus
evolves
to
spread
between
people
but
no
one
is
tested
at
first.
Indeed,
the
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention’s
dashboard
suggests
that
only
10
farmworkers
have
been
tested
for
the
bird
flu
since
March.
Because
of
their
close
contact
with
cattle
and
poultry,
farmworkers
are
at
highest
risk
of
infection.
As
with
many
diseases,
only
a
fraction
of
people
with
the
bird
flu
become
severely
sick.
So
the
first
sign
that
the
virus
is
widespread
might
be
a
surge
in
hospital
cases.
“We’d
need
to
immediately
make
vaccines,”
said
Angela
Rasmussen,
a
virologist
at
the
University
of
Saskatchewan
in
Canada.
The
U.S.
government
could
scale
up
production
of
existing
bird
flu
vaccines
developed
in
eggs
or
cells.
However,
these
vaccines
target
an
older
strain
of
H5N1
and
their
efficacy
against
the
virus
circulating
now
is
unknown.
In
addition
to
the
months
it
takes
to
develop
an
updated
version
within
eggs
or
cells,
Rasmussen
questioned
the
ability
of
the
government
to
rapidly
test
and
license
updated
shots,
with
a
quarter
of
HHS
staff
gone.
If
the
Senate
approves
Trump’s
proposed
budget,
the
agency
faces
about
$32
billion
in
cuts.
Further,
the
Trump
administration’s
cuts
to
biomedical
research
and
its
push
to
slash
grant
money
for
overhead
costs
could
undermine
academic
hospitals,
rendering
them
unable
to
conduct
large
clinical
trials.
And
its
cuts
to
the
CDC
and
to
public
health
funds
to
states
mean
that
fewer
health
officials
will
be
available
in
an
emergency.
“You
can’t
just
turn
this
all
back
on,”
Rasmussen
said.
“The
longer
it
takes
to
respond,
the
more
people
die.”
Researchers
suggest
other
countries
would
produce
bird
flu
vaccines
first.
“The
U.S.
may
be
on
the
receiving
end
like
India
was,
where
everyone
—
rich
people,
too
—
got
vaccines
late,”
said
Achal
Prabhala,
a
public
health
researcher
in
India
at
medicines
access
group
AccessIBSA.
He
sits
on
the
board
of
a
World
Health
Organization
initiative
to
improve
access
to
mRNA
vaccines
in
the
next
pandemic.
A
member
of
the
initiative,
the
company
Sinergium
Biotech
in
Argentina,
is
testing
an
mRNA
vaccine
against
the
bird
flu.
If
it
works,
Sinergium
will
share
the
intellectual
property
behind
the
vaccine
with
about
a
dozen
other
groups
in
the
program
from
middle-income
countries
so
they
can
produce
it.
The
Coalition
for
Epidemic
Preparedness
Innovations,
an
international
partnership
headquartered
in
Norway,
is
providing
funds
to
research
groups
developing
rapid-response
vaccine
technology,
including
mRNA,
in
South
Korea,
Singapore,
and
France.
And
CEPI
committed
up
to
$20
million
to
efforts
to
prepare
for
a
bird
flu
pandemic.
This
year,
the
Indian
government
issued
a
call
for
grant
applications
to
develop
mRNA
vaccines
for
the
bird
flu,
warning
it
“poses
a
grave
public
health
risk.”
Pharmaceutical
companies
are
investing
in
mRNA
vaccines
for
the
bird
flu
as
well.
However,
Prabhala
says
private
capital
isn’t
sufficient
to
bring
early-stage
vaccines
through
clinical
trials
and
large-scale
manufacturing.
That’s
because
there’s
no
market
for
bird
flu
vaccines
until
a
pandemic
hits.
Limited
supplies
means
the
United
States
would
have
to
wait
in
line
for
mRNA
vaccines
made
abroad.
States
and
cities
may
compete
against
one
another
for
deals
with
outside
governments
and
companies,
like
they
did
for
medical
equipment
at
the
peak
of
the
covid
pandemic.
“I
fear
we
will
once
again
see
the
kind
of
hunger
games
we
saw
in
2020,”
Cameron
said.
In
an
email
response
to
queries,
HHS
communications
director
Andrew
Nixon
said,
“We
concluded
that
continued
investment
in
Moderna’s
H5N1
mRNA
vaccine
was
not
scientifically
or
ethically
justifiable.”
He
added,
“The
decision
reflects
broader
concerns
about
the
use
of
mRNA
platforms—particularly
in
light
of
mounting
evidence
of
adverse
events
associated
with
COVID-19
mRNA
vaccines.”
Nixon
did
not
back
up
the
claim
by
citing
analyses
published
in
scientific
journals.
In
dozens
of
published
studies,
researchers
have
found
that
mRNA
vaccines
against
covid
are
safe.
For
example,
a
placebo-controlled
trial
of
more
than
30,000
people
in
the
U.S.
found
that
adverse
effects
of
Moderna’s
vaccine
were
rare
and
transient,
whereas
30
participants
in
the
placebo
group
suffered
severe
cases
of
covid
and
one
died.
More
recently,
a
study
revealed
that
three
of
nearly
20,000
people
who
got
Moderna’s
vaccines
and
booster
had
significant
adverse
effects
related
to
the
vaccine,
which
resolved
within
a
few
months.
Covid,
on
the
other
hand,
killed
four
people
during
the
course
of
the
study.
As
for
concerns
about
the
heart
issue,
myocarditis,
a
study
of
2.5
million
people
who
got
at
least
one
dose
of
Pfizer’s
mRNA
vaccine
revealed
about
2
cases
per
100,000
people.
Covid
causes
10
to
105
myocarditis
cases
per
100,000.
Nonetheless,
HHS
Secretary
Robert
F.
Kennedy
Jr.,
who
founded
an
anti-vaccine
organization,
has
falsely
called
covid
shots
“the
deadliest
vaccine
ever
made.”
And
without
providing
evidence,
he
said
the
1918
flu
pandemic
“came
from
vaccine
research.”
Politicized
mistrust
in
vaccines
has
grown.
Far
more
Republicans
said
they
trust
Kennedy
to
provide
reliable
information
on
vaccines
than
their
local
health
department
or
the
CDC
in
a
recent
KFF
poll:
73%
versus
about
half.
Should
the
bird
flu
become
a
pandemic
in
the
next
few
years,
Rasmussen
said,
“we
will
be
screwed
on
multiple
levels.”
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license.